Kasparov came to international fame as the youngest world chess champion in history in 1985 at the age of 22. Eager for new challenges, he retired from professional chess in 2005 after a record 20 years as the world’s top-ranked player. Kasparov wasted no time after leaving chess, joking that he would be far busier as a retiree. He quickly became an important voice in the Russian pro-democracy movement against the repressive regime of Vladimir Putin.